What approach to studying crime does positivism reject?

• A. Empirical observation
• B. Scientific method
• C. Philosophical reasoning
• D. Statistical analysis

Answer: (C)

Positivism is a philosophical approach that emphasizes the reliance on observable, empirical evidence and the scientific method to understand the world. It posits that knowledge should be derived from quantifiable and verifiable data rather than abstract reasoning or speculation.

Philosophical reasoning, which often involves abstract thought and theoretical discourse that may not be directly grounded in empirical evidence, is viewed by positivists as less valid for explaining social phenomena, including crime. They argue that understanding crime requires a methodical study based on data and factual evidence, rather than merely engaging in theoretical or philosophical discussions.

In contrast, positivism embraces empirical observation, the scientific method, and statistical analysis as crucial tools in studying crime, as these methods produce concrete evidence that can be analyzed and verified. Hence, the rejection of philosophical reasoning illustrates positivism's commitment to a more objective and empirical framework when examining crime.